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Knee Osteoarthritis Treatment Options

Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a prevalent, chronic, and disabling condition that affects a significant portion of the adult population, estimated at approximately 20-25%. It manifests with symptoms such as joint pain, limitations in function, and a notable decrease in the overall quality of life. The approach to managing knee arthritis can be categorized into two main strategies: conservative (non-surgical) and surgical (operative) interventions. Typically, conservative management encompasses a range of options, both pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical, and is the initial treatment choice aimed at preventing or postponing the necessity of surgical intervention.

The non-surgical treatment of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) involves various strategies aimed at relieving pain, improving function, and enhancing the overall quality of life for individuals with this condition. These conservative approaches are typically considered before surgical options and may include:

Encouraging patients to make lifestyle changes can have a significant impact on managing KOA. This may include weight management to reduce stress on the knee joint, as excess body weight can exacerbate symptoms.

Physical therapy plays a central role in KOA management. Therapists design exercise programs tailored to the individual’s needs, focusing on strengthening the muscles around the knee joint, improving range of motion, and enhancing joint stability.

Non-prescription pain relievers, such as acetaminophen, or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can be used to manage pain and reduce inflammation. Prescription medications may be considered in severe cases.

Creams, gels, or patches containing analgesic agents can provide localized pain relief when applied to the affected knee.

The use of assistive devices like knee braces or walking aids (cane or walker) can help reduce joint stress and improve mobility.

Intra-articular injections of corticosteroids, hyaluronic acid, or platelet-rich plasma (PRP) can provide temporary relief from pain and inflammation.

Low-impact aerobic exercises, such as swimming or cycling, can be beneficial for maintaining joint function and cardiovascular fitness without exacerbating symptoms.

Some individuals find relief through alternative therapies like acupuncture, chiropractic care, or dietary supplements (e.g., glucosamine, chondroitin, quercetin).

Patients benefit from education about their condition, learning techniques for joint protection, and managing daily activities to minimize strain on the knee joint.

A balanced diet rich in anti-inflammatory foods may support overall joint health.

Custom-made shoe inserts or over-the-counter orthotic insoles can help redistribute pressure on the knee joint during walking.

When the knee is affected by arthritis in predominantly the medial or lateral compartment, custom unloader bracing can be an effective tool to manage symptoms.

Managing chronic pain can be emotionally challenging, so psychological support and pain coping strategies can be valuable.

Non-operative treatments for knee arthritis are typically tailored to the individual’s specific needs and the severity of their condition. The goal is to alleviate pain, improve function, and enhance the patient’s overall quality of life while delaying or avoiding the need for surgical intervention.

Quite often a multi-modal approach is required with a combination of tactics. It’s essential for individuals with knee arthritis to work closely with our physical therapists to develop a comprehensive and personalized treatment plan.

Schedule a knee consultation

Contact HyperRegen Sports Medicine in Toronto Canada to schedule a consultation today.

At a Glance

Dr. Jas Chahal

  • Head of Orthopaedic Surgery, Women’s College Hospital
  • Team Physician Toronto FC and University of Toronto Varsity Blues
  • Associate Professor, University of Toronto Orthopaedic Sports Medicine Program
  • Has more than 100 peer-reviewed publications
  • Learn more

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